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-====== TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER OPERATION MANUAL ======
-===== Front Cover =====
-{{:tccom-000.png?nolink|TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER OPERATION MANUAL}}
-TRS-80®
-COLOR
-COMPUTER
-OPERATION
-MANUAL
-Catalog No. 26-3001/3002
-CUSTOM MANUFACTURED IN U.S.A. BY RADIO SHACK TC A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION
-===== Title Page =====
-TRS-80®
-COLOR COMPUTER
-OPERATION
-MANUAL
-Radio Shack®
-TC A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION
-FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102
-===== Warning =====
-**WARNING
-Before inserting or removing a Program Pak™
-ROM Cartridge, be sure the Computer is off. Otherwise
-the Program Pak could be damaged.**
-===== The FCC Wants You To Know =====
-**THE FCC WANTS YOU TO KNOW ...
-This equipment has been cerified to comply with the
-limits for a Class B computing device, puruant to
-Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules. Only peripherals
-(computer input/output devices, terminals, printers,
-etc.) certified to comply with the Class B limits may be
-attached to this computer. Operation with
-non-certified peripherals is likely to result in
-interference to radio and TV reception.**
-===== Manual Copyright =====
-TRS-80® COLOR COMPUTER Operation Manual: © **1980 Tandy Corporation,
-Fort Worth, Texas 76102 U.S.A.  All Rights Reserved.**
-Reproduction or use, without express written permission from
-Tandy Corporation, of any portion of this manual is prohibited.
-While reasonable efforts have been taken in the preparation of this
-manual to assure its accuracy, Tandy Corporation assumes no liability
-resulting from any errors or omissions in this manual, or from the use
-of the information obtained herein.
-===== Software Copyright =====
-**COLOR COMPUTER System Software: © 1980 Tandy Corporation and Microsoft.
-All Rights Reserved.**
-The system software in the COLOR COMPUTER microcomputer is retained in
-a read-only memory (ROM) format.  All portions of this system software,
-whether in the ROM format or other source code form format, and the ROM
-circuitry, are copyrighted and are, the proprietary and trade secret
-information of Tandy Corporation and Microsoft.  Use, reproduction or
-publication of any portion of this material without the prior written
-authorization by Tandy Corporation is strictly prohibited,
-9 8 7 6 5 4 3
-===== To Our Customers =====
-TO OUR CUSTOMERS
-Your TRS-80" COLOR COMPUTER is an exciting tool for an infinite((fixed typo "inifinite")) variety
-of uses—home finances, education, recreation, amusement and amazement,
-to name just a few.  Twenty years ago, this capability would have cost
-hundreds of times what your TRS-80 cost, and would have taken up an
-entire room.
-In spite of its power and internal complexity, the TRS-80 can be quite
-simple to operate.  In fact, //you// can determine exactly how “technical”
-a machine you want it to be.
-**At the simplest level of operation,** you can use Radio Shack plug-in ROM
-cartridges called “Program Paks.” Each different Program Pak™
-you install makes your Computer perform a different function, whether
-it’s accounting, electronic pinball, record-keeping, or whatever.
-For Program Pak operation, this book has all the information you need
-to get started.  Further information will be contained in the program
-instruction manual itself.
-**At a slightly more involved level,** you may want to write your own
-programs.  If you are a beginner, read this operation manual, then begin
-reading the book, //[[Getting Started with TRS-80 COLOR BASIC]]//.  Of course,
-you don’t have to know programming to use your Computer, but we think
-you'll find your Computer more enjoyable and rewarding if you do.
-**If, however, you already know BASIC,** and especially if you have experience
-on another model TRS-80, read this operation manual.  Then use the //[[COLOR BASIC Quick Reference Card]]//
-to get right down to programming.
-TRS-80 COLOR has many features not found in other model TRS-80’s, as
-well as some important differences.  A few minutes spent before pressing
-**(ENTER)** could save you hours later.
-===== Important Information =====
-**Important Information**
-This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy.  If it is
-not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the
-manufacturer’s instructions, it may cause interference to radio and
-television reception.  It has been type tested and found to comply with
-the proposed limits for a TV Interface Device in accordance with the
-specifications in FCC General Docket No.  79-244, which are designed to
-provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential
-installation.  However, there is no guarantee that interference will
-not occur in a particular installation.  If this equipment does cause
-interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined
-by turning the equipment off and on, you should try to correct the
-interference by one or more of the following measures:
-  * Reorient the antenna of the receiver experiencing the interference
-  * Relocate the Color Computer with respect to the receiver
-  * Move the Color Computer away from the receiver
-  * Plug the Color Computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver experiencing the interference are on different branch circuits.
-If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced
-radio/television technician for additional suggestions.  You may find the
-following booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission,
-helpful:
-//[[How to Identify and Resolve Radio - TV Interference Problems]]//.
-This booklet is available from the United States Government Printing
-Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No.  004-000-0035-4.
-===== Contents =====
-**CONTENTS**
-[[#Welcome to TRS-80® COLOR!]]
-[[#Installation]] \\
-[[#Connection to a Television Set]] \\
-[[#Connection to a Cassette Recorder]] \\
-[[#Installation of a Plug-In ROM Cartridge (Program Pak™)]] \\
-[[#Connection of Other Accessories]] \\
-[[#Connection to an AC Power Source]]
-[[#Operation]] \\
-[[#Power-on]] \\
-[[#RESET]] \\
-[[#Power-Off]]
-[[#Using the Television]] \\
-[[#Color]] \\
-[[#Sound]]
-[[#Using the Keyboard]] \\
-[[#All-CAPS vs Upper/Lowercase]] \\
-[[#Special Keys]]
-[[#Using the Joystick Controllers]]
-[[#Using the Cassette Recorder]] \\
-[[#Saving a COLOR BASIC Program]] \\
-[[#Loading a COLOR BASIC Program]] \\
-[[#Searching for a Program]] \\
-[[#Loading Errors]]
-[[#Troubleshooting and Maintenance]] \\
-[[#Symptom/Cure Table]] \\
-[[#AC Power Sources]] \\
-[[#Maintenance]] \\
-[[#Color Adjustment Test]] \\
-[[#Video Centering Test]] \\
-[[#Sound Demonstration]]
-[[#Specifications]] \\
-[[#AC Power Supply]] \\
-[[#Microprocessor]] \\
-[[#Serial Interface]] \\
-[[#Printer Software Requirements]] \\
-[[#Cassette Interface]]
-[[#Customer Information]] \\
-[[#Service Policy]] \\
-[[#Software License]] \\
-[[#Limited Warranty]]
-[[#Index]]
-===== Welcome to TRS-80® Color! =====
-**WELCOME TO TRS-80® COLOR!**
-The Radio Shack TRS-80® COLOR COMPUTER system consists of:
-  * A 53-key console keyboard for inputting programs and data to the Computer
-  * A Television Interface that lets you connect the Computer to any color television set for full-color displays and a wide range of sounds
-  * A 6809E microprocessor with more computer power than the mammoth computers of just a few years ago
-  * Read Only Memory (ROM) containing the COLOR BASIC Language
-  * Random Access Memory (RAM) for storage of programs and data while the Computer is on (amount is expandable from "4K" to "32K", optional extra)
-  * A ROM-cartridge slot for instant loading of Radio Shack Program Paks: games, home finance, education, and more (optional/extra)
-  * Two Joystick Interfaces for extra fun and versatility in games and special applications (requires joystick controllers, optional/extra)
-  * A high-speed Cassette Interface for permanent storage of programs and data (requires a separate cassette recorder, optional/extra)
-  * A Printer Interface for printed copies of programs and data (requires a separate serial printer, optional/extra)
-==== Television Output ====
-TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER connects to the antenna terminals on your color
-television set.  The Computer will display both text and graphics.
-Nine colors are available for graphics use.  The Computer will also
-generate musical tones and special effects through your TV speaker.
-==== Keyboard ====
-The keyboard allows entry of the standard text plus several control
-characters.  The control characters keys are marked with special
-names— **(BREAK)**, **(ENTER)**, **(CLEAR)**, **(<-)**, etc.
-==== 6809E Microprocessor ====
-This is the central processing unit where all the “thinking” is done.
-In TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER, the microprocessor operates at a speed of over
-,000 cycles per second.
-==== Read Only Memory (ROM) ====
-This is where the Computer’s built-in programs are stored, including
-the TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER BASIC language.  Each time you power-on the
-Computer without a plug-in program cartridge, this built-in program
-takes charge of the microprocessor, enabling you to type in simple
-BASIC-language instructions.
-TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER contains an "8K" ROM, meaning it contains 8 * 1024 =
-characters (“bytes”) of permanently programmed memory which is
-expandable to "16K".
-==== Program Paks™ ====
-TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER includes a slot for plug-in ROM cartridges
-(Program Paks) which can greatly expand its power and usefulness.
-Normally, when a ROM cartridge is installed, the Computer is controlled
-by the plug-in program.
-**Note: Always turn the Computer OFF before inserting or removing a ROM
-cartridge.**
-==== Random Access Memory (RAM) ====
-This is where your programs and results are stored while the Computer
-is on.  It is erased when you turn the Computer off.
-TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER can be equipped with 4K to 32K of RAM (1K =
-bytes).
-==== Accessories ====
-These are devices, such as a printer or cassette recorder, you can add to
-your Computer to increase its usefulness in programming and data storage.
-TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER contains the necessary “interfaces” to simplify
-the addition of many accessories.
-==== Joystick Controllers ====
-Adding a pair of “joystick” controllers gives you yet another means
-of inputting information and controlling the Computer.  The joysticks
-include “fire when ready” buttons and two-dimensional control sticks.
-==== Cassette ====
-For long-term storage of programs and data, connect a cassette recorder
-to the Computer and save the information on tape.  TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER
-saves programs and data on tape at approximately 1500 baud, which
-is roughly 11,000 characters per minute.  Radio Shack’s CTR-80A
-(Catalog Number 26-1206) comes with the necessary connecting cable,
-and is highly recommended.
-==== Printer ====
-You may connect any Radio Shack “seria) interface” printer to TRS-80
-COLOR COMPUTER.
-===== Installation =====
-**INSTALLATION**
-Carefully unpack the Computer.  Remove all packing material and save
-it in case you ever need to transport the Computer.  Be sure to locate
-all cables and papers that may be included in the shipping carton.
-Place the Computer on a solid surface near the television set you'll
-be using.  An appropriate power source should be nearby, so that an
-extension cord will not be needed.
-Do not connect the Computer to the AC power source yet.
-==== Connection to a Television Set ====
-The Computer contains a built-in television interface which sends a VHF
-signal to your set.  The Computer also comes with an Antenna Switchbox
-that allows you to select either normal television-station reception or
-computer input without connecting and disconnecting the Computer every
-time it’s used.
-This Antenna Switchbox is comprised of a short section of twin-lead
-cable, two screw terminals, a coaxial connector, and a slide switch.
-Make the connections described later, but only connect one antenna to
-the Switchbox.
-==== Mounting the Switchbox ====
-We suggest you attach the Switchbox to the back of your TV set as shown
-in Figure 1.
-Select a smooth, flat surface on the TV set that is well within reach
-of the antenna cables.  Wipe off any dust, dirt or grease from the
-mounting surface.
-Remove the backing from the double-sided tape (one side is.
-already attached to the Switchbox) to expose the sticky surface.
-Press it against the back of your TV cabinet in the desired location.
-{{:tccom-figure-1.png?nolink|Figure 1}} \\
-**Figure 1.  Mounting Switchbox onto TV Set (Connections
-may vary, depending on your antenna installation).**
-==== Antenna Connection ====
-You need to route your television’s VHF antenna through the Antenna
-Switchbox.  If there are wires presently connected to the VHF terminals
-on your TV set, disconnect them.
-What you do next depends upon the type of antenna installation you have.
-Read the following paragraphs and study Figures 2 through 6 to decide
-which installation you have.
-**Connection to a TV with Screw Terminals and an Internal Antenna (Figure 2)**
-Connect the internal antenna leads to the terminals labeled "CONNECT
-TO ANTENNA’ on the Antenna Switchbox.  Then connect the short twin-lead
-from the Antenna Switchbox to your TV’s "VHF” screw terminals.
-**Connection to a TV with Twin-Lead and External or “Rabbit Ears”
-Antenna (Figures 3 and 4)**
-Connect the lead-in from your antenna to the terminals labeled "CONNECT
-TO ANTENNA" on the Antenna Switchbox.  Connect the short twin-lead
-from the Antenna Switchbox to your TV’s "VHF" screw terminals.
-**Connection to a TV with a 75-Ohm Coaxial Lead-In (Figure 5)**
-You will need to obtain a special 75-ohm to 300-ohm matching transformer
-such as Radio Shack’s Catalog Number 15-1140, Connect your coaxial
-cable lead-in to the transformer and connect the transformer’s twin-lead
-to the screw terminals on the Antenna Switchbox.
-Next move the slider to the “COMPUTER”((fixed typo "closed")) position.
-Connect the short twin lead from the Antenna Switchbox to your TV’s
-"VHF" screw terminals.
-**Connection to a TV with a 75-Ohm Coaxial Lead-In and
-Matching Transformer (Figure 6)**
-Connect the short twin-lead
-from the transformer to the screw terminals on the Antenna Switchbox.
-Connect the short twin-lead from the Antenna Switchbox to your TV’s
-"VHF" screw terminals.
-{{:tccom-figure-2.png?nolink|Figure 2}} \\
-**Figure 2.  Rear View of TV with Screw Terminals and Internal Antenna.**
-{{:tccom-figure-3.png?nolink|Figure 3}} \\
-**Figure 3.  Rear View of TV with Twin-Lead and an External Antenna.**
-{{:tccom-figure-4.png?nolink|Figure 4}} \\
-**Figure 4.  Rear View of TV with Twin-Lead and “Rabbit Ears” Antenna.**
-{{:tccom-figure-5.png?nolink|Figure 5}} \\
-**Figure 5.  Rear View of TV with 75-Ohm Coaxial Cable.**
-{{:tccom-figure-6.png?nolink|Figure 6}} \\
-**Figure 6.  Rear View of TV with a 75-Ohm Coaxial Cable and a Matching
-Transformer.**
-==== Other Types of Antenna Installations ====
-We have shown five typical TV antenna installations.  There are some
-other antenna types and features you may need to be aware of.
-If your TV set has a 75/300-ohm switch on the back, be sure the switch
-is set to the 300-ohm position.
-If your TV set has a round jumper cable protruding from the back, be
-sure that the jumper cable has been attached to the connector next to it.
-If your TV’s antenna system is one of these just described, there is
-no problem.  The connections between the other TV antenna termi-
-nals and the Antenna Switchbox will be as in one of the five
-illustrations.
-If you have cable TV, it may be advisable to call in a qualified service
-technician.
-==== Connection of the Computer to the Switchbox ====
-After connecting your TV’s antenna system to the Antenna Switchbox
-as explained in the preceding section, connect the Computer’s coaxial
-cable from the Computer’s TV jack to the COMPUTER jack on the Antenna.
-See Figure 7.
-Your COLOR COMPUTER is now ready for use.
-{{:tccom-figure-7.png?nolink|Figure 7}} \\
-**Figure 7.  Connection of the Computer to the Switchbox.**
-==== Connection of a Cassette Recorder ====
-The following instructions use the CTR-80A recorder (Radio Shack Catalog
-Number 26-1206) as an example.  We strongly recommend you use only this
-model with your TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER.  If you use a different recorder,
-connection and operation may vary.
-Note: You do not need to connect the Cassette Recorder unless you plan
-to record programs or to load taped programs into the TRS-80.
-A TRS-80 to Cassette Recorder connection cable is included with the
-CTR-80A; we suggest that you use this specially designed cable.
-.  Connect the short cable (DIN plug on one end and three plugs on the
-other) to the **TAPE** jack on the back of the Computer.  **Be sure you get
-the plug to mate correctly.**
-.  The three plugs on the other end of this cable are for connecting
-to the recorder.
-. A.  Connect the **black plug** into the EAR jack on the side of the recorder.
-This connection provides the output signal from the recorder to TRS-80
-(for loading Tape programs into TRS- 80).
-B.  Connect the **larger gray plug** into the AUX jack on the recorder.
-This connection provides the recording signal to record programs from
-the TRS-80 onto the tape.
-**Leave the AUX plug in whether you are recording or playing back cassette
-data.**
-C.  Connect the **smaller gray plug** into the smaller MIC jack on the
-recorder.  This allows the TRS-80 to automatically control the recorder
-motor (turn tape motion on and off for recording and playing tapes.)
-Note: Do not plug a remote microphone or a dummy plug into the larger
-MIC jack.
-==== Installation of a Plug-in ROM Cartridge (Program Pak™) ====
-It’s possible for you to expand your COLOR COMPUTER in almost any
-manner by using pre-programmed, Radio Shack ROM cartridges.
-**The Computer must always be turned OFF whenever a ROM cartridge is
-plugged-in or removed.**
-**WARNING!  Do not insert fingers or other objects into the cartridge slot.
-Doing so could damage your Computer.**
-Locate the cartridge slot on the right side of the Computer.  Care- fully
-insert the cartridge with the label side up and the open end facing into
-the slot.  The cartridge should slide smoothly into the receptacle which
-is recessed into the Computer case.
-If you have difficulty inserting the cartridge, it may be upside down.
-Remember, it only goes in one way.
-To remove a cartridge, turn OFF the Computer and gently pull out the
-cartridge.  Store it in a safe place.
-{{:tccom-figure-8.png?nolink|Figure 8}} \\
-**Figure 8.  Inserting a Plug-in Cartridge**
-==== Connection of Other Accessories ====
-**Before connecting any accessory (a serial line printer, for example),
-make sure the Computer and the accessory are both turned OFF.**
-Connect all accessories to the appropriate jacks on the rear panel of
-the Computer.  (Refer to Figure 9 for location of connection points.)
-For interconnections between Computer and accessories, refer to the
-Owner’s Manual supplied with the accessory.
-{{:tccom-figure-9.png?nolink|Figure 9}} \\
-**Figure 9, Computer Controls and Connections.**
-==== Connection to an AC Power Source ====
-**Make sure the Computer and all accessories are turned OFF.**
-The AC Power Cord exits from the rear of the Computer.  Connect it and
-all accessories to an appropriate power source.  Power require- ments
-for Radio Shack products are specified on the units and in the Owner’s
-Manual Specifications.
-===== Operation =====
-**OPERATION**
-==== Power-on ====
-The following instructions explain how to start up and use
-the TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER as a ROM-based system only.  If you have a
-disk system, see the Disk System Operation Manual.
-**The Computer and all accessories must be OFF.**
-.  Turn on the television set, and adjust the volume to a normal
-listening level.
-.  Select channel 3 or 4 (whichever is either weaker or not used in
-your area).  Select the same channel on the slide-switch on the rear of
-your Computer.  (**See Figure 9, Connections and Controls.**)
-.  Set the Antenna Switchbox to the **COMPUTER** position.
-. If you are going to use a plug-in cartridge, **insert it now, before
-turning on the Computer.**
-.  Turn on any accessory equipment (e.g., a printer).((Corrected the steps in the printed book here by switching 6 and 5. to follow  later statements on the same page - plug in any cartridges, turn on accessories, turn on Computer last. Turn off Computer first, then accessories, then unplug cartridges..))
-.  Turn on the Computer.  The power-on switch is at the rear of the
-Computer case.
-If you power-up the Computer without a cartridge installed, it should
-display the start-up message (describing your version and release of
-Color BASIC) followed by:
-OK
-If you are using a plug-in cartridge, the message may vary depending
-on the program you're using.  For further details, see the Instruction
-Manual supplied with the ROM cartridge.
-If the message does not appear:
-A.  Make sure the television is turned on and is operational.
-B.  Check your set’s Brightness, Contrast, and fine tuning adjustments.
-C. If the message still doesn’t appear, then turn off the entire system,
-recheck all connections, and try again.  For further assistance, see
-**Troubleshooting and Maintenance.**
-**Do not turn any accessories on or off while the Computer is in use**—to do
-so could cause abnormal operation (the Computer could restart or “hang
-up”, requiring you to RESET or turn the system off and on again).
-==== RESET Switch ====
-To start over at the beginning of a ROM program, you do not have to
-turn the unit off and on again.  Pressing the RESET switch will have the
-same effect.  RESET is at the rear of the Computer case.
-**Note:** Resetting
-the Computer does not erase the contents of memory.  When using COLOR
-BASIC, pressing RESET will leave your BASIC program intact.
-==== Power-off ====
-Turn off the Computer, then accessories.
-**If you turn the Computer off for any reason, leave it off for at least
-seconds before turning it back on again.**  The Computer’s power
-supply needs this much time to discharge its stored energy before starting
-up again.
-Whenever you turn off the Computer, all RAM-based programs and data
-are erased.  If you have data or a program to save, do it before turning
-off the Computer.  See **Using the Cassette**.
-===== Using the Television =====
-**USING THE TELEVISION**
-==== Color ====
-where the code is one of the following numbers:
-TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER is capable of generating nine distinct colors.
-These are nominally defined as: Black, Green, Yellow, Blue, Red, Buff,
-Cyan, Magenta, and Orange.  However, the actual color tones produced by
-your set, and the degree of difference between tones, will depend on the
-quality and color adjustment of your television set—not on the Computer.
-If you are using a plug-in ROM cartridge, the color will be deter-
-mined by the cartridge program.  If you are using the built-in COLOR
-BASIC language, you can choose the colors that appear on the screen.
-If you are using COLOR BASIC, the display will normally be green with
-black characters (although the lowercase mode inverts this by displaying
-green characters on a black background.  See **Using the Keyboard** later
-in this manual).
-COLOR BASIC also displays a blinking “cursor” which changes colors
-throughout the available spectrum.
-(**Note:** The following is an example of simple programming.  For further
-examples of programs which display color as well as sound, see
-**Troubleshooting and Maintenance**.  For more information on programming
-in general, refer to //[[Getting Started with TRS-80 COLOR BASIC]]//.)
-To control the background color of the television display, type in a
-“command” like this:
-  CLS code (ENTER)
-where the //code// is one of the following numbers:
-^ Code ^ For This Color ^
-| 0 | Black |
-| 1 | Green |
-| 2 | Yellow |
-| 3 | Blue |
-| 4 | Red |
-| 5 | Buff |
-| 6 | Cyan |
-| 7 | Magenta |
-| 8 | Orange |
-For example, type:
-  CLS 3 (ENTER)
-for a blue background.
-Whenever the screen is cleared (by pressing (CLEAR) ) the display
-will automatically revert to green no matter what background color was
-previously displayed.
-To help you adjust the color and alignment of your television set, we've
-included two test programs in the **Troubleshooting and Maintenance** chapter.
-==== Sound ====
-TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER BASIC will also control the sound coming
-from your television’s((fixed typo "televion") speaker.  The sound volume can be deter- mined
-manually by the volume setting on your television and “automatically”
-by the cartridge program; the.  sound quality (pitch, timbre, and
-duration) is determined by the Computer.
-If you are using a plug-in ROM cartridge, the sound will be deter- mined
-by the cartridge program.  If you are using the built-in COLOR BASIC
-language, you can determine the sound with the SOUND command, like this:
-  SOUND pitch-code, duration (ENTER)
-//pitch-code// may be any number from one to 255, one being the lowest
-available pitch, 255, the highest.  //duration// may be any
-number from one to 255; it specifies the duration of the tone in units
-of .06 second.
-Most of the musical notes from F (below middle-C) to higher than the
-highest piano note possible may be approximated by a suitable choice
-of //pitch-code//.  For example:
-  SOUND 39, 10 (ENTER)
-produces the musical note middle-C for .6 second.
-For a demonstration of all available tones, see the test program section
-in the **Troubleshooting and Maintenance** chapter.
-===== Using The Keyboard =====
-**USING THE KEYBOARD**
-The keyboard of your Computer allows you to enter all the stan- dard
-text and many control characters.  As with ordinary typewrit- ers, use
-to enter the upper symbol on those keys with two symbols.  For example,
-to enter a !, press (SHIFT)
-(1).
-However, when using COLOR BASIC, you should use all-capitals, since
-COLOR BASIC cannot “understand” lowercase commands.  Some Program
-Paks also require all-capitals entry.
-All-CAPS vs Upper/Lowercase
-Whenever you turn on the computer, you are automatically in the
-“all-capitals” (CAPS) mode, in which the keyboard will always generate
-capital letters whether or not the (SHIFT) key is pressed.
-To switch to the “upper/lowercase” mode, press (@®.  Then the
-unshifted A-Z keys will produce lowercase letters.  In this mode, you
-must press (SHIFT) to get the uppercase letters.  To switch back to
-all-capitals, press
-again.
-@®
-Special Keys Certain keys have special functions with COLOR BASIC.
-Key 8
-(SHIFT)
-§
-(SHIFT)
-e e 8 @
-Function Backspaces and erases the last character typed.  Switches back
-and forth between all-caps and upper/lowercase mode.  Displays a right
-bracket |.  Displays a left bracket [.  Program pause.  Press any key to
-continue.  Displays back-arrows Erases the current line and starts over.
-Cancels the current line, erases the display, and posi- tions the cursor
-to the upper left corner (“home”).  Enters the line.  COLOR BASIC
-will not interpret a line until you press (ENTER).  Interrupts the
-current program or operation and pre- pares the Computer for another
-keyboard command.
-TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER can only generate uppercase (capital) letters on
-the TV screen.  When a lowercase letter is output to the TV screen,
-it is displayed as a capital letter in “reverse” — i.e., the
-background is black while the letter itself is green.
-You may want to use the upper/lowercase mode when typing information
-for output to an upper/lowercase printer or to another Computer via
-serial communications.
-n f
-rere
-I
-USING THE JOYSTICK CONTROLLERS
-By using the joystick controllers (Radio Shack Catalog Number 26-3008),
-you enable the Computer to interpret two-dimensional motion such as
-hand movement.  Computer games are the most common application of the
-controllers although they may be used with any operation that requires
-you to “position” input to the Computer.  Drawing diagrams on the
-Video Display is an excellent example of joystick use.
-Note: The joysticks function only in programs written specifically for
-their use.
-In terms of connection, the joysticks are interchangeable with each
-other but not with any other accessories on the Computer.  See Figure 9.
-Each joystick is made up of a control stick which gives two-dimen-
-sional direction to a moving object on the television screen.  There is
-also a “fire when ready” button which must be pressed each time
-you “fire”.
-The specific use of your joystick controllers will depend upon the
-plug-in cartridge or BASIC program you are using at the time.  See the
-instructions which accompany the ROM cartridge.
-Note: When you are using COLOR BASIC instead of a plug-in cartridge
-program, a stream of characters will be generated when- ever you press
-the “fire when ready” button.  This is a normal “side effect”
-and can be ignored.
-TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER’s built-in cassette interface allows you to
-store data and programs with Radio Shack’s CTR-80A cassette recorder.
-Your COLOR COMPUTER transfers programs and data on tape at approximately
-baud.  This is about 190 characters per second or 11,000 characters
-per minute.
-(Note: While other recorders can be used, we strongly recom- mend you
-use Radio Shac /R-80A.  Connection and operation will vary with other
-recorders.)
-Adjust the volume control on your cassette recorder carefully.  For the
-Radio Shack CTR-80A recorder, the volume contro] should be set between
-and 10.  The recommended setting is 5.
-Connect the recorder to the Computer according to the Con- nection
-of a Cassette Recorder section in this manual; refer to the cassette
-recorder’s Owner’s Manual for further connec- tion instructions.
-See your recorder’s Owner’s Manual for specific details.
-For any recorder other than the CTR-80A, the volume level may vary.
-Saving a COLOR Program on Tape (CSAVE) Whenever you want a permanent
-copy (one you won’t have to re-type) of a COLOR BASIC program, simply
-save it on tape with the command CSAVE.
-Note: We don’t recommend recording over old programs.  Bulk erase the
-tape first.
-After the program has been typed into the Computer’s memory, you should:
-.  Insert a blank cassette tape into the recorder.
-.  To erase any existing program, type:
-NEW
-.  Type:
-CLOAD “file-name”
-.  Press (ENTER).
-The Computer will search for and load the program you have indicated.
-While it is searching for the program, the letter “S” will appear
-in the upper left of the television screen.
-When the Computer finds the program, the letter “F” and the file-name
-will appear at the top of the screen.
-.  Press the recorder’s PLAY and RECORD buttons at the same
-.  When the program has been loaded,
-time until they lock.
-.  Type:
-CSAVE “file-name”
-where file-name is any sequence of eight or fewer characters.
-Note: Don’t forget the quotation marks around the file-name.
-, Press (ENTER).
-.  When the program has been saved,
-OK
-OK
-will appear on the screen.
-Note: If you are certain your tape has only one program saved on it,
-you can type CLOAD without a file-name since the Computer will load the
-first program it encounters.
-Searching for a Program (SKIPF)
-will appear on the television screen and the recorder’s motor will
-automatically shut off.
-It’s a good idea to make more than one copy of a program, preferably
-on separate cassettes, just in case one is lost or inadvertently erased.
-If your tape contains more than one program on the same side, the Computer
-can search through the cassette until it finds the program you need if
-you use the SKIPF (“skip until you find”) command.
-.  Rewind tape.
-.  Press PLAY on the recorder until it locks.
-Loading a COLOR BASIC Program from Tape (CLOAD)
-.  Type:
-SKIPF “file-name”
-, Press (ENTER).
-Be sure the recorder’s volume control is properly adjusted before
-loading a program into your Computer.
-OK
-.  Press the PLAY button on the recorder until it locks.
-will appear on the screen.
-.  When the Computer has located the program,
-Note: If you have forgotten the file-name of a particular program,
-use an improbable file name, as in:
-loading operation.  Consult your Radio Shack COLOR BASIC Quick Reference
-Card for explanations of the error messages.
-SKIPF “x!  and (ENTER).
-A listing of all program file-names the tape contains will appear on
-the screen.  An error message will be displayed at the end of the tape
-if no matching file is found.
-For more information on CSAVE, CLOAD, and SKIPF, refer to Getting Started
-with TRS-80 COLOR BASIC.  Loading Errors There are several possible error
-messages that may appear in the upper left of the television screen when
-a mistake is made during a
-You can avoid many problems with tapes by using new, high-quality Radio
-Shack Computer tapes (Catalog Number 26-301) whenever you save a program
-or data.  If it becomes necessary to re-use a tape, you should first
-erase the contents with a bulk tape eraser (Catalog Number 44-210).
-Note: If you try loading a blank tape, your TRS-80 COLOR COM- PUTER
-will search for the program until the tape ends without giving any
-indication the tape is blank.  You will need to press RESET to stop the
-loading process.
-If you have problems operating your TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER, check the
-following table of symptoms.  Hopefully, you'll find the cure as well.
-If you still can’t remedy the problem, take the unit to your local
-Radio Shack where it will be promptly fixed and returned to you.
-  Symptom
-Cure
-Cure
-Symptom
-The OK (or appropriate prompt message if you are using a ROM cartridge)
-doesn’t appear when you turn on the Computer.
-.  No AC power.  Check the power cord con- nection.
-.  Incorrect power-up sequence.  All accessories should be ON before
-you turn on the Computer.
-Your cassette program won't load.
-.  Accessory device (e.g., printer) is not.  connected properly.
-Recheck connection.  4.  Your television screen needs adjustment} Check
-the Contrast, Brightness, or fine tuning controls.  5.  Antenna Switch
-should be set to “COMPUTER”, not to “TV”.
-.  Improper cassette connection.  Check connection instructions in
-cassette Owner's Manual.
-.  Cassette volume is too low or high.  Chec!  the recorder’s volume
-control.
-.  Information on tape may have been gar- bled due to electricity
-discharge, magnetic field, or tape deterioration.  Try to load the
-duplicate copy, if you have one.
-.  Fluctuations in the AC power supply See
-  ‘The Computer “hangs up
-AC Power Sources.  during normal operation, requiring RESET or 2.
-Defective or improperly installed Power-off/on.  connector.  Check all
-connection cables to see} they are securely attached and that they are
-not frayed or broken.  3.  Programming.  Re-check the program.
-Try using the other TV channel (3 or 4).
-Poor reception or fuzzy display.
-.  Make sure the TV is set on the proper channel (3 or 4—whichever
-gives the best display).
-.  Check the antenna connections to be sure’ they are connected both
-securely and properly.
-.  Your television set needs adjustment.  Check the contrast, brightness
-and fine tuning controls.
-“Ghosts” or mixed Com- puter and TV reception.
-AC Power Sources
-Computers are sensitive,to fluctuations in the power supply at the
-wall socket.  This is rarely a problem unless you are operating in
-the vicinity of heavy electrical machinery.  The power source may also
-be unstable if some appliance or office machine in the vicinity has a
-defective switch which arcs when turned on or off.
-Your COLOR COMPUTER is equipped with a specially designed, built-in AC
-line filter.  It should eliminate the effects of ordinary power-line
-fluctuations.
-However, if the fluctuations are severe, you may need to take some or
-all of the following steps:
-@ Install bypass or isolation devices in the problem-causing de-
-vices
-e Fix or replace any defective (arcing) switches on lights or appli-
-ances.
-@ Install a separate power-line for the Computer e Install a special
-line filter designed for computers and other
-sensitive electronic equipment
-Power line problems are rare and many times can be prevented by proper
-choice of installation location.  The more complex the sys- tem and the
-more serious the application, the more consideration you should give to
-providing an ideal power source for your Com- puter.
-Maintenance Your Computer requires little maintenance.  It’s a good
-idea to keep it clean and free of dust build-up.  This is especially
-important for the keyboard.  Radio Shack sells a custom-designed COLOR
-COMPUTER dust cover you may find helpful (26-3006).
-If you need to clean the Computer case, use a damp, lint-free cloth.
-The accessory devices (cassette recorder, line printer, etc.)  may require
-more maintenance.  Check the owner’s manual for each accessory in
-your system.
-Color Adjustment Test For the purpose of adjustment, as well as example,
-the following program will give you a chance to view the available
-spectrum.
-Start COLOR BASIC and type in the program.  Don’t worry about spacing,
-but type everything else exactly as listed below:
-@ TO 63 (ENTER)
-@ TO 31 (ENTER)
-= INT (X/8 +
-) (ENTER)
-NEW 5 FOR X = 1@ FOR Y = 15 C 20 SET (X,Y,C) 25 NEXT Y, X 30 GOTO 30
-To check for typing errors, list the program by typing:
-LIST
-It should look like this:
-= INT(K/8 +
-)
-=
-=
-®@
-@
-> FOR XK 12 FOR Y 13 C 20 SET(K+ Ys K 29 NEAT Yo 3@ GOTO 38
-TO
-TO
-C)
-If you find any mistakes, simply re-type the line.
-Now type:
-RUN
-(ENTER
-Your television should display eight color-bars (in the order of green,
-yellow, blue, red, buff, cyan, magenta, and orange) on a black background.
-You can now use your television color adjustment control to adjust the
-colors to their proper hue.
-Press (BREAK) to stop the program.
-Notes on Color
-Use the preceding test to adjust your TV for the best possible spread
-of colors.  But remember, the range of adjustment will vary, depending
-on the condition and quality of your TV set.
-Video Centering Test Type in the following to insure your television
-display is centered correctly on the screen.
-You can now adjust your set until the display is centered.
-Press
-to stop the program.
-= @ TO 63 (ENTER)
-NEW 10 CLS (ENTER) 15 FOR X 20 Y = 15 (ENTER) 25 RESET (X,Y) (ENTER)
-NEXT X (ENTER) 35 FOR Y = @ TO 31 (ENTER) 40 X 45 RESET (X,Y) (ENTER)
-NEXT Y 55 GOTO 55 (ENTER)
-= 31
-To check for typing errors, type:
-LIST (ENTER)
-It should look like this:
-TO
-TO
-=
-=
-@
-CLS 15 FOR X 20 Y 25 RESET(X+¥) 30 NEXT X 35 FOR Y 40 xX 45
-RESET(X+¥) S@ NEXT Y 55 GOTO 55
-@
-=
-=
-Notes on Video Centering
-The COLOR COMPUTER generates a rectangular image designed to fill most of
-your TV’s screen.  Use the horizontal- and vertical-centering controls
-on your TV set to center this image as much as possible.
-Don’t worry if you can’t get a perfectly centered image, or if
-you notice a slight distortion in certain areas of your TV screen.
-These minor variations depend on the condition of your TV set.  (If they
-are severe, you should consult a qualified TV service technician.)
-Sound Demonstration
-The following program will output the entire frequency range (codes 0-255)
-COLOR BASIC can produce.
-NEW (ENTER) 1 FOR X = 20 SOUND X,1 (ENTER) 30 NEXT X
-TO 255 (ENTER)
-To check for typing errors, type:
-LIST (ENTER)
-It should look like this:
-=
-FOR X 20 SOUND X» 3@ NEXT X
-TO 255
-If you find an error, simply re-type the line.
-Next type: RUN
-You should have a green background, surrounded by black, with a horizontal
-and vertical line (both black) intersecting in the exact center of
-the screen.
-If you find any errors, simply re-type the line.
-Set your television volume to a normal level, and type:
-RUN
-(ENTER,
-AC Power Supply Power Requirements Current Drain
--130 VAC, 60 Hz 0.18 Amps RMS
-RS-232 Pin Location Looking from the outside at the RS-232-C jack on
-the COLOR COMPUTER.
-Microprocessor Type Clock Rate
-E 0.895 MHz
-Serial Interface
-Standard RS-232-C Signal
-Carrier Detect (Status Input Line) cD RD Receive Data GROUND Zero Voltage
-Reference TD
-Printer Software Requirements 600 Baud 1 Start Bit (logical zero) 7 Data
-Bits (LSB first) 2 Stop Bits (logical one) No Parity 132-Column Printer
-Width Automatic Carriage Return at End of Line
-Transmit Data Out
-Pin #
-2 3 4
-Cassette Interface
-Suggested Input Level for Playback from Recorder
-to 5 Volts peak-to-peak ata minimum impedance of 220 Ohms
-Typical Computer Output Level to Recorder
-mV peak-to-peak at 1 K Ohms
-Remote On/Off Switching Capability
-.5 A maximum at 6 VDC
-Joystick Controller Jack Pin Location Looking at the outside of the jack
-on the computer.
-Cassette Jack Pin Location
-Looking at the outside of the jack on the Computer
-.  Comparator Input (Right-Left) .  Comparator Input (Up-Down)
-Ground
-.  “Fire” button, High when open, Low when closed.  .  Vee,
-current-limited +5VDC
-e N O w R a
-.  Remote Control .  Signal Ground .  Remote Control .  Input from
-Recorder’s EARphone Jack .  Output to Recorder’s AUX or MIC Jack
-E N O
-R o
-CUSTOMER INFORMATION
-Service Policy Radio Shack’s nationwide network of service facilities
-provides quick, convenient, and reliable repair services for all of
-its comput- er products, in most instances.  Warranty service will be
-performed in accordance with Radio Shack’s Limited Warranty.  Non-
-warranty service will be provided at reasonable parts and labor costs.
-Because of the sensitivity of computer equipment, and the problems which
-can result from improper servicing, the following limita- tions also
-apply to the services offered by Radio Shack:
-.
-.
-If any of the warranty seals on any Radio Shack computer products are
-broken, Radio Shack reserves the right to refuse to service the equipment
-or to void any remaining warranty on the equipment.
-If any Radio Shack computer equipment has been modified so that it
-is not within manufacturer’s specifications, including, but not
-limited to, the installation of any non-Radio Shack parts, components,
-or replacement boards, then Radio Shack reserves the right to refuse to
-service the equipment, void any remaining warranty, remove and replace
-any non-Radio Shack part found in the equipment, and perform whatever
-modifica- tions are necessary to return the equipment to original factory
-manufacturer’s specifications.
-.  The cost for the labor and parts required to return the Radio Shack
-computer equipment to original manufacturer’s specifi- cations will
-be charged to the customer in addition to the normal repair charge.
-Radio Shack Software License
-A.  Radio Shack grants to CUSTOMER a non-exclusive, paid up license to
-use on CUSTOMER’S computer the Radio Shack
-computer software received.  Title to the media on which the software
-is recorded (cassette and/or disk) or stored (ROM) is transferred to
-the CUSTOMER, but not title to the software.
-In consideration for this license, CUSTOMER shall not B.  reproduce copies
-of Radio Shack software except to reproduce the number of copies required
-for use on CUSTOMER’S computer (ifthe software allows a backup copy
-to be made), and shall include Radio Shack’s copyright notice on all
-copies of software reproduced in whole or in part.
-C.  CUSTOMER may resell Radio Shack’s system and applications software
-(modified or not, in whole or in part), provided CUSTOMER has purchased
-one copy of the software for each one resold.  The provisions of
-thisSoftware License (paragraphs A, B, and C) shall also be applicable
-to third parties purchasing such software from CUSTOMER.
-Important Note All Radio Shack computer programs are licensed on an
-“as is” basis without warranty.
-Radio Shack shall have no liability or responsibility to customer
-or any other person or entity with respect to any liability, loss or
-damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by computer
-equipment or programs sold by Radio Shack, including but not limited to
-any interruption of service, loss of business or anticipatory profits
-or consequential damages resulting from the use or operation of such
-computer or computer programs.
-Good data processing procedure dictates that the user test the program,
-run and test sample sets of data, and run the system in parallel with
-the system previously in use for a period of time adequate to insure
-that results of operation of the computer or program are satisfactory.
-LIMITED WARRANTY
-For a period of 90 days from the date of delivery, Radio Shack warrants
-to the original purchaser that the computer hardware unit shall be free
-from manufacturing defects.  This warranty is only applicable to the
-original purchaser who purchased the unit from Radio Shack company-owned
-retail outlets or duly authorized Radio Shack franchisees and dealers.
-This warranty is voided if the unit is sold or transferred by purchaser
-to a third party.  This warranty shall be void if this unit's case
-or cabinet is opened, if the unit has been subjected to improper or
-abnormal use, or if the unit is altered or modified.  If a defect occurs
-during the warranty period, the unit must be returned to a Radio Shack
-store, franchisee, or dealer for repair, along with the sales ticket or
-lease agreement.  Purchaser's sole and exclusive remedy in the event
-of defect is limited to the correction of the defect by adjustment,
-repair, replacement, or complete refund at Radio Shack’s election and
-sole expense.  Radio Shack shall have no obligation to replace or repair
-expendable items.
-Any statements made by Radio Shack and its employees, including but
-not limited to, statements regarding capacity, suitability for use, or
-performance of the unit shall not be deemed a warranty or representation
-by Radio Shack for any purpose, nor give rise to any liability or
-obligation of Radio Shack.
-EXCEPT AS SPECIFICALLY PROVIDED IN THIS WARRANTY OR IN THE RADIO
-SHACK COMPUTER SALES AGREEMENT, THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS
-OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
-RADIO SHACK BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF PROFITS OR BENEFITS, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
-CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER SIMILAR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS
-WARRANTY OR OTHERWISE.
-INDEX
-eee eee eee nane
-, 14-15, 23-24
-Disk System...
-... cee ee te etn nen nes
-.0...
-e een ae
-, 14, 23-24, 26
-ak £0) ccc 22
-Page
-Subject
-Page
-Subject
-ACCESSOVICES..
-.
-AC Power.........
-Adjustments
-Centering (alignment) ..........0.  Oo) (0) nr
-.0.0 ee ees 16, 25 16, 24
-S010] 0 (0
-All-CAPS vs Upper/lowercase ..........000
-eee ees 16, 18
-cece
-Antenna ......  0.0.0...
-cence een en een ene neue 9-12, 23
-Graphics ..  0...
-Installation 0...
-Joystick
-eee
-eee teen eens 6
-eect eee tenn e ene
-, 23
-Connections.................  cence Interface...  USING...
-eee eee e nena teen nee 14 6, 7 ene e nent enn e entrees 19
-ees
-Antenna Switchbox .........0
-.0.0 ccc cece eee ene 8, 9, 12, 15, 23
-Keyboard ...  0...
-eee etc teen e nett eee
-, 18
-Baud...
-BYt€S 210
-cc cence nee n ee eee
-e teens 7, 20
-Keys (Special) ..  0...
-cee nett ete
-t reenter een n es
-eet nen rennet eee ene 7
-Maintenance ......  0.0.00.  cece nee nett tenes 23, 24
-Cable TV...
-... ccc cece een beens bebe enennennens 12
-MicroproceSSOr ........  00.  tenet eters 6, 26
-Cassette
-Interface .  00.  Recorder...
-.00.0.
-eee 7, 20, 27 ee eee ne 13-15, 20-23, 26
-eee ee nee nnn nae
-,
-MUSIC 20.
-Printer...
-...
-ee eee eee e eee tte ens
-, 17
-eee eee eee tenes 6,
-, 14, 18, 26
-Program Pak.........
-...  c eee tees 3, 6, 7, 13, 15-19, 23
-Channel Selection ......000..0 0.00.0.
-ees
--15, 23
-(also ROM Cartridge or Plug-In Cartridge)
-Characters
-Control... cece ee een eben eben e nee bene 6 16, 18 Upper/LowercaSe ...
-...
-eee es
-(a 6,
-OS
-CLOAD .....  cc ce eect e ebb ete nen ben aeen 21-22
-Controis and ConnectionS.........
-.0.0...  c ce
-eee eee ne
-) 0)
-, 16, 23-24
-COLOR BASIC ............
-.000: e eee eee eens 7, 15-19, 21-22, 24-25
-Connections
-ACCESSOFIES 2.0 Antenna...  Cassette recorder ..........  0.0...  eee ee
-eee eee ees A,
-eee nen nee eee ees 14 .. cee ee eee n ener teen nnn nes 9-12 13 6,8
-CSAVE 1...  ccc
-cece nee e eet en ete nn
-be bee bnnenas 21-22
-O10) c=\ 0)
-Programming ......  2.0.00.  eee eee ees 3,
-, 16, 23-25
-Power-Off 000.
-POWEr-ON.
-ene
-tet e teens 15, 23
-eee net nnn eee 7, 15, 23
-Rabbit Ears 20... cent e net e nee 9, 10
-a
-Recorder (see Cassette) RESET 2.0.
-, 7, 15
-e renee
-, 15, 22, 23
-ROM cartridge (see Program Pak) a Oa 6,
-, 15
-RS-232-C octet ete eter t eens 14, 26
-SOUNd 0.0
-SKIPF 000
-Tape Jack 2.06.
-Television 0) 0) a
-eee ete tenes 6,17, 25
-cc eet nett nett ene
-e tne eee
-, 14
-, 16, 24 eect ttt e tenes 6, 8
-Customer Information......0.0
-0000000
-cee ee eens 28
-Connection...
-.0.0
-Subject
-Interface 0.  Output 2.0...  SOUN 00...  USING 2.0...
-Page
-Subject
-Page
-eee eee tenes 6, 8 6 eee teen eee es en tenn eee eae 17 ee nee ered 16, 17
-VHF occ
-cnet e eee n eee ben bebe bebe b eben eenns 8,9
-Volume
-Cassette recorder...  TV
-.0...  ccc cece eee eee ene 20, 21, 23 bn beeen bn ebnbeennes 15,17, 25
-eee ee ene eee e
-Troubleshooting.  .......  00...  c cece
-ee
-ett nett e nn es
-Warranty...
-eee teen ene
-t been ene ene
-8749164

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